The Complete Guide to Electric Vehicle Connectors and Charging Speeds

Similar to phone charging cables, car charging cables typically have two connectors: one that plugs into the vehicle socket and the other into the chargepoint itself. The type of connector required depends on the vehicle and the power rating, or “speed,” of the chargepoint.

Most electric vehicles are equipped with either a Type 1 or Type 2 socket for slow and fast charging, and CHAdeMO or CCS for DC rapid charging. Type 2 sockets are the most common for slow and fast chargepoints, while DC rapid charging stations usually have a cable attached with a CHAdeMO and a CCS connector.

To charge on public networks, most EV drivers purchase an EV charging cable that matches their vehicle’s Type 1 or Type 2 socket. It’s important to note that this guide is based on the UK and may not include complete information for all countries.

2. Vehicle Side EV Connector Types

The vehicle side EV connectors refer to the charging sockets that plug into the electric vehicle. These connectors can be divided into two categories: slow and fast charging (AC) and rapid charging (DC).

Slow & Fast Charging (AC)

Slow and fast charging refers to charging at home, work, or other destinations. There are two types of AC vehicle-side connectors: Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 1: This connector has 5 pins and is the standard connector used in the US. It does not have a locking mechanism and can only carry single-phase power.

Type 2: The Type 2 connector has 7 pins and is the standard EU connector. It has an inbuilt locking mechanism and can carry both single-phase and three-phase power. Some models of the Renault Zoe can draw up to 43kW, providing a range of 145 miles per hour of charging.

Rapid Charging (DC)

Rapid charging is typically used for en route charging and is essential for long journeys. There are three types of DC car-side connectors: CHAdeMO, CCS, and Type 2.

CHAdeMO: The CHAdeMO connector is the original DC connector and has power ratings of 50kW and 100kW. It can provide a range of 75 to 150 miles per 30 minutes of charging.

Combined Charging System (CCS): The CCS connector is a high-power connector that can provide 50kW, 150kW, and even 350kW of power. It has a neat arrangement with 2 x ‘Type 2’ pins and is the standard EU rapid charging connector. The range per 30 minutes of charging can vary from 75 to 525 miles, depending on the power rating of the charger.

Type 2: The Type 2 connector is primarily used by Tesla Superchargers for DC charging. It can provide power ratings of up to 250kW, offering a range of up to 375 miles per 30 minutes of charging.

3. Chargepoint Side EV Connector Types

The chargepoint side EV connectors refer to the sockets on the charging infrastructure or chargepoints. These connectors are universal and can accommodate different types of vehicles.

Slow & Fast Chargers (AC)

The chargepoint side connector for slow and fast chargers is the Type 2 socket. This universal connector fits all standard chargepoint sockets. EV drivers need to bring their own compatible charging cable to connect to the chargepoint. In case of emergencies, some chargepoints may also accept a traditional 3-pin plug for charging from a wall socket.

Rapid Chargers (DC)

Most DC rapid chargers have tethered cables with both CHAdeMO and CCS connectors, matching the car-side sockets. Therefore, there is no chargepoint-side DC socket. This design allows EV drivers to choose the connector that fits their vehicle socket and charge rapidly.

4. Conclusion

Choosing the right charging cable and understanding the different types of EV connectors and charging speeds is crucial for electric vehicle owners. Slow and fast chargers use AC connectors, while rapid chargers use DC connectors. The Type 2 connector is the most common for both vehicle-side and chargepoint-side connections. However, it’s essential to consider the power rating of the chargepoint and the capabilities of your vehicle when selecting the appropriate charging cable.

By familiarizing yourself with the information provided in this guide, you can confidently navigate the electric vehicle charging landscape and ensure efficient and effective charging of your electric vehicle.

Remember, always refer to your vehicle’s manual and consult with charging infrastructure providers for specific guidance and compatibility requirements.